Shiv & Kendall: Perceptions
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ocean beach, san francisco.
i think i’ve dreamt of this place long before i ever ended up here.
It is one of the ironies of power relations that the performances required of subordinates can become, in the hands of subordinates, a nearly solid wall making the autonomous life of the powerless opaque to elites.
In its most striking form, an entire ersatz facade may be erected in order to shield another reality from detection. Hill villages in colonial Laos, for example, were required by the occasionally visiting French officials to have a village headman and elders with whom they could deal. The Laotians responded, it appears, by creating a set of bogus notables who had no local influence and who were presented to colonial functionaries as the local officials. Behind this ruse, the respected local figures continued to direct local affairs, including the performance of the bogus officials. The Laotian case is but a dramatic instance of the age-old efforts of Southeast Asian villages to keep a threatening state at arm's length by keeping their land tenure, kinship, income, crop yields, livestock, and factions a closely guarded secret. This aim is often best accomplished by limiting contact with the state to the bare minimum, command performances.
James C. Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts (Yale University Press, 1990), p. 132.